It is clear that the pathogenesis of RA involves a complex network of various cytokines and cells, and except TNF-α and IL-6, other cytokines such as IL-23, IL-17, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-b1) also play roles at a systemic or local level [18]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.