-Point Mutations-Changes in the DNA sequence of CDKN2A that impair the function of the p16^INK4A protein and its ability to inhibit cell cycle progression-Epigenetic Silencing: methylation of the CDKN2A promoter region, leading to decreased expression of p16^INK4A and p14^ARF, and promoting unchecked cell division and tumor development. Here, S100A9 is linked to neoplasm.