Mcph1 (microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive 1; REC-N = 39.05) was the most controlled gene in “N”, while Usp31 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 31, REC-L = 27.93) and Syt11 (synaptotagmin XI, REC-L = 26.25) were the most controlled genes in “L”. Here, USP31 is linked to autosomal recessive primary microcephaly.