CD40LG and Lyme disease: It alleviated the pathogenicity of Lyme borreliosis by inhibiting the growth of B. burgdorferi (Bb), reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., TNF, IL-1β, and IFNγ, the levels of Bb-specific immunoglobulins, e.g., IgM and IgG, as well as the ratio of activated leukocytes, e.g., CD19+ B cells, whereas it increased CD3+CD4+, naïve, effector, and memory T cells for bacteria elimination [54].