APOB and familial hypercholesterolemia: Hypercholesterolemia may be idiopathic, secondary to another disease or condition, multifactorial or genetic, such as in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which is mainly associated with mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in LDL transport (apolipoprotein B, apoB), or internalization [LDL receptor (LDLR) and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCKS9)] [4,5].