TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: ALS has been associated with mutations in several genes: superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP), fused in sarcoma (FUS), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) [65].