The findings revealed that patients with diabetes exhibited higher levels of vitreous IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1β, PlGF, and VEGF-A, as well as aqueous IL-6, IL-8, PlGF, and VEGF-C. The levels of IL-8, PlGF, and VEGF-A in the vitreous and aqueous humor were found to be significantly associated with patients with PDR, while plasma cytokines did not show any correlation with these ocular fluids. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and diabetes mellitus.