VEGFA and diabetes mellitus: The findings revealed that patients with diabetes exhibited higher levels of vitreous IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1β, PlGF, and VEGF-A, as well as aqueous IL-6, IL-8, PlGF, and VEGF-C. The levels of IL-8, PlGF, and VEGF-A in the vitreous and aqueous humor were found to be significantly associated with patients with PDR, while plasma cytokines did not show any correlation with these ocular fluids.