Compared with patients registered in TOSCA, our cohort being evaluated for LAM tended to have been diagnosed with TSC at an older age, had a lower prevalence of neurological and cognitive manifestations, were more likely to have angiomyolipoma and more likely to have TSC2 mutations than TSC1 or no identifiable mutation (Fig. 2). Here, TSC2 is linked to angiomyolipoma.