WNT5A and age-related macular degeneration: In summary, our research findings unequivocally demonstrated the pivotal role of the positive interaction loop of Wnt5a/β-catenin in inducing EMT of RPE cells, facilitating cell migration, and contributing to subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, as illustrated in the schematic diagram presented in Fig. 8I. Furthermore, exploring the involvement of Wnt5a in the pathogenesis of AMD-related conditions beyond EMT, such as EndMT, PMT, and glial cell activation, holds promising potential for further exploration.