Additionally, higher level of TLR-4 on CD14+ monocytes was detected in drug-naïve or chronic schizophrenia patients compared with HCs by two studies [39, 41] and was correlated with more severe cognitive deficits in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients [41], which however were not observed by us in FES patients [42]; interestingly, as compared to HCs, Müller et al. and we both observed more downregulated TLR-4 expression on CD14+ monocytes of schizophrenia patients after stimulation by polyI:C or LPS [39, 42], indicating blunted monocytic activation in patients. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and schizophrenia.