EGFR mutations have been documented in 11% of Caucasian and 50% of Asian populations with lung adenocarcinoma.4 EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the standard first-line treatment and have shown a significant survival benefit for patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR-sensitive mutations.5,6 In the neoadjuvant setting, EGFR-TKIs have also shown therapeutic advantages in patients with IIIA-N2 with EGFR mutations. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.