MMP9 and neoplasm: Regarding tumor migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the HMGB1/RAGE axis upregulates the expression of cell factors like integrin α5β1, MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, and MMP10, through signaling pathways involving NF-kB, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Snail, MAPK, TGF-β, STAT3, MEK-ERK1/2, thereby promoting tumor migration, invasion, and EMT.