TBC1D1 and neoplasm: Additionally, TBC1D1 displayed a positive correlation with immunosuppressive macrophage markers such as CD163 and ARG1 (Figures 6I, J), suggesting that TBC1D1-positive macrophages could function as an immunosuppressive cell population, facilitating the establishment of an immunosuppressive TME and promoting tumor immune escape, ultimately accelerating tumorigenesis and progression.