TNF and Sepsis: 1.Reducing colitis inflammation2.Rrevents TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokines in adipocytes, protecting against inflammation-induced insulin resistance3. Inhibiting the gamma-glutamyl cycle, exhibiting anticancer activity.4.Suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis.5.Lowers TNF-α-induced vascular inflammation by activating endothelial CaSR and reducing adhesion molecules and cytokines.