TNF and synovial sarcoma: Clinical evidence has demonstrated an increased production of the major proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8), T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ), and Th17 cytokine (IL-17) in the skin (4) and serum (5, 6) isolated from SS patients.