Compared with the normal group, CON–FMT observed that the phosphorylation levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα were significantly increased, and the expressions of p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK were also significantly up-regulated in colitis mice (p < 0.05), indicating that NF-κB and MAPK access were over-activated (Fig. 6E–J). Here, NFKB1 is linked to colitis.