There is also evidence of a correlation between ISG expression, IL-1β and IL-18 production, and the inflammasome in patients with autoimmune disorders associated with elevated levels of IFNs such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile dermatomyositis (da Cruz et al, 2020; Verweyen et al, 2020; Roberson et al, 2022). Here, IL18 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.