Cytokine profiling conducted in the serum of mice that did not undergo resection 10 days post-ablation indicates that adding PEF to systemic therapy resulted in a general reduction in mediators associated with macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) chemotaxis (MIP-1a, MIP-1b, MIP-3b, GM-CSF, and G-CSF), possibly reflecting a reduced number of macrophages and DC in and around the tumor. Here, CSF3 is linked to neoplasm.