TGFB1 and cancer: In addition, functional enrichment of "HALLMARK" was performed on cancer cells with high/low SNHG15 expression with the use of "irGSEA" and "GSVA" in R. GSVA analysis implied that “wnt/β-catenin signaling”, “PI3K‐AKT‐MTOR signaling”, and “TGF-β signaling” were enriched in the cells with high SNHG15 expression (Fig. 6E).