Furthermore, some studies of syndromic diseases where the driving mutation is not in the mTOR pathway, such as Fragile-X, Angelman, Rett syndrome, and Phelan-McDermid syndrome (22q13 deletion), also show mTOR alterations in human postmortem samples, embryonic stem cell models, and hiPSC-based models (Winden et al., 2018). Here, MTOR is linked to Phelan-McDermid syndrome.