109). In coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3)-infected myocarditis, the expression of miR-21 that targeted the mRNA of the deubiquitinase YOD1 was up-regulated, resulting in the downregulation of YOD1. The decreased expression of YOD1 led to the increase of the K48-linked ubiquitin chains of desmin protein, causing the degradation of desmin through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. The degradation of desmin induced by YOD1 resulted in desmosome damage and disc dysfunction (Ref. 110). Here, YOD1 is linked to myocarditis.