CCL2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: [32] A previous study also showed that tocotrienol supplementation could inhibit the NF-κB pathway and reduce the inflammatory response.[33] In addition, vitamin E supplementation in type 1 diabetes has been associated with a reduction in the plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a chemokine involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peripheral tissues, which confirms the possible positive effect of vitamin E on inflammation.[34] All of these mechanisms may explain the potential beneficial effects of vitamin E on proteinuria.