Similar to previous findings, our results demonstrate that CXCR3-related inflammatory response participate in cardiac remodeling especial for fibrosis.[32] First, the plasma levels of CXCR3 related chemokines, including CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, are increased in AF patients. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and atrial fibrillation.