When mice genetically predisposed to inflammatory bowel disease (IL-10 gene-deficient) were administered a 2% w/v CMC solution for 3 weeks, increased bacterial growth in the intestinal mucosa, decreased villus length, increased inter-villus space, migration of bacteria to the bottom of the crypts, and increased bacterial adhesion to the mucosa, which were similar to inflammatory bowel disease in humans were observed (Swidsinski et al., 2009). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.