Knockout of the downstream targets of cGAS–STING, TBK1, or IRF3303, 304 or inhibition of IκB kinase ε (IKKε) and TBK1 with amlexanox, resulted in significant weight loss, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose tolerance in obese mice (and some type II diabetic patients).305, 306. Here, TBK1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.