These immune cells were localized in the following conditions: PSC-AF (Treg T cell: CD45RA− CD28− CD8br, GCST90001659), NAFLD-Hypertension (T cell: CD45RA− CD4+, GCST90001534, TBNK cell: CD4+, GCST90001590, Monocyte: HLA DR on CD14− CD16+, GCST90001984), AFLD-Hypertension (B cell: CD20− CD38−, GCST90001423, B cell: CD20− CD38−, GCST90001444), and AFLD-CAD (B cell: IgD+ CD24+, GCST90001412). Here, CD28 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.