Although NADPH-reduced TrxR1 and its substrate cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx1) have been investigated as potential target(s) for anti-cancer therapies (Zhang et al., 2019; Busker et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2021; Gencheva and Arnér, 2022; Patwardhan et al., 2022), few compounds have been found to exclusively inhibit the non-reduced form of TrxR1 while leaving the reduced form of TrxR1 less affected. This evidence concerns the gene TXN and cancer.