Looking at the groupwise level, we found 1209 genes were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between DCIS and IBC (FDR-corrected q-value < 0.001) (Fig. 2 A&B and Table 4), with the top DE genes upregulated in IBC largely related to extracellular matrix formation and comprising collagen-related genes (COL11A1, COL10A), matrix metallopeptidase subunits (MMP11, MMP13, MMP1, etc.)as well as genes associated with microfibril assembly (FN1, MFAP2, LRRC15, etc.). This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.