In HCC, the low expression of RIG-I is significantly associated with a shorter survival period in patients and a poorer response to IFN-α treatment.488 Intrinsic RIG-I also limits the release of pro-tumorigenic cytokines; for example, the knockdown of RIG-I in HCC cell lines enhances TGF-β1 secretion, weakening the monocyte-to-DC differentiation and fostering the production of immune-tolerant, tumor-infiltrating DCs.494. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.