In contrast, late-stage dysfunction is irreversible, and aside from expressing PD-1 and LAG3, these cells express CD38, CD39, CD101, and TIM3 and remain unresponsive to ICB and vaccine treatments.124,143 T-cells exhibiting a late-stage exhaustion phenotype may still potentially suppress tumor growth, but they exist in a “stagnant” state.144,145. The gene discussed is HAVCR2; the disease is neoplasm.