RIGI and endothelial dysfunction: (1) Activation of RIG-I and MDA5 in tumor cells induces immunogenic cell death, promoting antigen presentation by DCs and activation of CTLs.489–492 (2) RIG-I activation can also inhibit the stemness of tumor cells.493,494 (3) RLR agonists promote IFN secretion, activating cytotoxic cells against the tumor.489,490,495 (4) The activation of RLRs enhances the cytotoxic ability of NK cells.496 (5) Stimulating RLRs leads to an increase in ROS formation in endothelial cells and the release of a significant amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines, causing endothelial dysfunction.497