TLR4 and melanoma: Furthermore, the activation of TLRs can indeed induce cellular autophagy.361 However, its anti-tumorigenic efficacy remains a subject of debate.362 For example, the TLR7 agonist imiquimod can induce autophagic cell death in melanoma cells during radiotherapy, inhibiting tumor growth.326 However, it has been reported that autophagy triggered by TLR3 or TLR4 activation enhances the production of various cytokines.