TLR2 and neoplasm: As for CD8+ T-cells, activation of either TLR2 or TLR5 enhances their cytotoxic activity and upregulates the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B. These two TLRs also amplify the proliferation of T-cells and exhibit a synergistic effect.392 In vitro studies also reveal that activation of TLR1/2 in tumor-specific CTLs augments their proliferative capacity and cytotoxicity.393 Notably, TLR2 on CD8 T-cells also participates in lowering the threshold for TCR signaling activation, enabling these cells to effectively generate memory cells even in response to weak TCR signals.394