CD4 and neoplasm: Additionally, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCs, through the production of IL-1β and IL-18, amplifies stem-like CD8+ T cells and strengthens antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity of CD8+ T cells.469 NLRP3 can activate bone marrow dendritic cells, and by secreting IL-1β, it promotes the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells, which then exert anti-tumor effects by secreting IFN-γ.470 Besides, the release of IL-1β from DCs also primes IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells in an IL-1β dependent manner.471