NFKB1 and neoplasm: Currently, we understand that the activation of TLRs can effectively trigger downstream pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and IRF3/5/7, inducing an array of inflammation-regulating molecules like Type I IFNs, TNF-α, and IL-1.313 These molecules reshape the TME and exert anti-tumor effects through multiple pathways (Table 1).