SIRT1 and medical procedure: SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent deacetylase that acts as a nutrient deprivation sensor.66 SIRT1 deacetylates tumor protein 53, which accelerate autophagy activating pathways.67 During glucose deprivation, SIRT1 and AMPK stimulate each other to augment autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis.57 SIRT1 also suppresses mTORC1 independent of AMPK.68 SIRT1 deficiency accelerates kidney damage, and SIRT1 activation alleviates kidney injury.69,70 Experimental studies show that SIRT1 expression increases in animal models exposed to SGLT2 inhibitors.71,72