TLS ratios also correlated with the expression of CXCL13, a chemokine associated with TLS formation34, in ESCC (rho = 0.39, P value = 0.0062) (Fig. 2c) and NSCLC (rho = 0.31, P value < 0.0001) (Fig. 2d). The gene discussed is CXCL13; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.