NFKB1 and neoplasm: For example, UBXN2A directly inhibits the oncoprotein mortalin-2 and induces cell apoptosis to suppress tumor growth10–13; similarly, the UBX protein p47 antagonizes the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway that is activated in tumor cells by degrading the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)14.