MAPK3 and neoplasm: Based on our data, CD8 Tex cells in LN-out upregulate of TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and ITG-β1, which subsequently target FN1, EGFR, CTNNB1, and COL1A1 in tumor cells, activating the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade pathways and facilitating tumor progression.