MAPK3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: We observed an increase in all phosphorylated MAPK-associated proteins in NrasG12D/PtenKO compared to NrasG12V/PtenKO cancer cells, including ERK1/2, AKT, S6RP, 4EBP1 and c-Jun (Fig. 6a and Supplementary Fig. 6a, b), further validating the differential intensity of MAPK signal activity between the two Nras-driven HCC models.