MAPK1 and neoplasm: In HCC and other solid tumor types, well-established oncogenic signals such as Myc16–19, Wnt/β-Catenin12,20,21, Ras-MAPK-ERK pathway activation or loss of the tumor suppressor gene Tp5322–26 distinctively reprogram the liver local and systemic environment through either promoting inflammation, immunosuppression or dampening anti-tumor immunity27.