As this combination sufficiently promoted a prolonged survival in NrasG12D/PtenKO HCC-bearing mice beyond the standard of care treatment (combined VEGF and PD-L1 blockade), we believe this two-drug combination could elicit a satisfactory therapeutic response in this subset of patients that correlate with the NrasG12D/PtenKO-specific transcriptome, while limiting the possible side effects resulting from combining the standard of care with GM-CSF blockade in a three-drug regimen. Here, CSF2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.