While inhibition of mTOR, AKT and JNK pathways did not affect GM-CSF level (Supplementary Fig. 6d), MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and ERK2 inhibitors hampered NrasG12D/PtenKO-derived GM-CSF secretion (Fig. 6b) with no measurable effects on cancer cell proliferation (Supplementary Fig. 6e). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and cancer.