CSF2 and cancer: As NrasG12D/PtenKO tumor cells express higher levels of Flt1 (encoding VEGFR-1) compared to its NrasG12V/PtenKO counterpart (Supplementary Fig. 9h), we propose that the blockade of the VEGF-VEGFR-1 signaling axis in cancer cells is associated with lower proliferation and increased tumor necrosis, thereby synergizing with the myeloid-centric effects of GM-CSF neutralization in a two-drug combination regimen, similarly to the currently approved standard of care.