As observed in vitro, a-GM-CSF treatment led to a sustained decrease in the content of Ly6Clow myeloid cells within the NrasG12D/PtenKO TME, observed as early as 2 weeks post treatment (time point: T1) and maintained in end-stage tumor-bearing mice (time point: T2) (Fig. 7e and Supplementary 7e), whereas the content of lymphocytes was not altered (Supplementary Fig. 7f). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.