CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Recently, the development of immune-checkpoint (IC) inhibitors has significantly expanded the therapeutic opportunities for lung cancer patients: monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, or CTLA4 molecule, such as ipilimumab, are used to treat advanced NSCLC as single agents or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy3,4.