CAT and nephritis: 2013). Evidence suggests that oxidative factor production is physiologically relevant as an essential step in inflammation (McNulty et al. 2011). In nephritis, overproduction of ROS and reactive nitrogen species by inflammatory cells can intensify inflammation, resulting in tissue damage and nephritis progression (Shah et al. 2007). Conversely, antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative damage (Jiang et al. 2018).