MAPK8 and inflammatory response: Our results showed that LPS stimulation markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and ERK in Caco-2 cells, while 5 μg/mL GA weakened the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK and ERK (Figure 7), indicating that MAPK is involved in the regulatory effect of GA on the inhibition of intestinal inflammation induced by LPS.