VEGFA and kidney injury: Acute kidney injury, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis can be caused by the adverse effects of immunotherapeutic drugs like ipilimumab, inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, bevacizumab, and ramucirumab), as well as several chemotherapeutic medications (such as capecitabine, irinotecan, gemcitabine, cisplatin, paclitaxel, carboplatin, docetaxel, vinorelbine, gefitinib, and erlotinib).