Nesfatin-1 has been shown to influence the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, e.g. COX-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in human primary chondrocytes in patients with osteoarthritis (30); it may play a role in pathogenesis or osteoarthritis, although the exact pathogenesis remains undefined (30, 87, 88). Here, NUCB2 is linked to osteoarthritis.