A well-known adjuvant lipopeptide Pam3 that recognizes Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 1 existing on cellular membranes was surface modified on tumor antigen-encoded mRNA-LNPs, and the results showed that stimulation of TLR 2 and 1 significantly enhanced cellular immune responses and produced a high population of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which resulted in improved inhibition of tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice (Fig. 5D). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.