Two conventional second-generation MSLN-CAR T-cell constructs encoding either a CD28 costimulatory (M28z) or 4-1BB costimulatory (MBBz) domain and a novel mesothelin (MSLN)-directed CAR-T-cell construct encoding the CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3ζ chain containing a single ITAM (M1xx) were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of ovarian cancer (Schoutrop et al.2023). This evidence concerns the gene CD28 and ovarian cancer.