The inhibitory interaction between PD1 with PD-L1 enables the tumor cells to escape host immune surveillance by suppressing antigen recognition, lymphocyte infiltration, and effector functions.22 Antibody targeting of PD-L1 inhibits PD1/PD-L1 interactions, potentially allowing T cells to proliferate, perform their effector functions, and reestablish the anti-tumor immune response.23 The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.