TGFB1 and neoplasm: This binding activates or represses target genes associated with either tumor suppression or progression.12 Tumorigenic effects of TGF-β include promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immune evasion, myofibroblast generation, and metastasis.12,17 TGF-β also inhibits natural killer (NK), CD8+T cells, M1-like macrophages, and N1 neutrophils and promotes the activity of T regulatory cells (Treg), M2-like macrophages, and N2 neutrophils near the TME, resulting in disease aggravation18,19 Blocking circulating TGF-β inhibits immune suppression and tumor progression.