THBS1 and arteriosclerosis: In addition to the heart, as a result of TSP-1/TGF-β pathway upregulation, collagen deposition and extensive fibrosis in the arterial wall led to arteriosclerosis, while in TSP-1 knockout (KO) mice or mice treated with TSP-1 antagonist, arterial collagen, CTGF, and arterial stiffness were decreased (26).