discovered that miR-424(322) functioned as a messenger connecting PAH and right ventricle hypertrophy; mechanistically, overexpression of miR-424(322) suppressed SMURF1 expression and activated the BMPR2 pathway in a PAH rat model in vivo and in PAH patients, thereby inducing right ventricle overload (116). Here, BMPR2 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.