CTLA4 and neoplasm: Tumor immunotherapies, such as the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (targeting programmed cell death protein-1, programmed cell death ligand-1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, etc.)and adoptive cell transfer (such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, T cell receptor-engineered T cells therapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapy, etc.)(10–13), have demonstrated promising outcomes; however, their efficacy must be validated using clinical trial.