For instance, the suppression of CDC45 demonstrated its anti-tumor ability by impeding cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Feng et al., 2003), while an upregulation of CDC45 was observed in malignant squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue compared to moderate precancerous epithelial dysplasia, with expression levels typically increasing with higher degrees of dysplasia (Li et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene CDC45 and intraepithelial neoplasia.