Consistent with these observations, our results indicated that heat-killed P. intermedia increased the expression levels of IL-17, IL-6, IL-23, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, and PD-L1, induced the release and accumulation of inflammatory cytokines in serum and tumor tissues, and promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth in OSCC. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and neoplasm.