Lastly, our findings support the idea that gliomas may promote the accumulation of suppressive macrophages in the TME through the ANGPTL2-TLR4 interaction, as ANGPTL2 has been implicated in macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue and polarization towards M2 macrophage in other types of cancer [97, 98]. Here, TLR4 is linked to central nervous system cancer.