INS and gestational diabetes: In the univariate analysis, ORs of SAV, GDM (with or without insulin treatment), nulliparity, BMI before pregnancy ≥ 25 kg/m2, < 30 kg/m2, BMI before pregnancy ≥ 30 kg/m2, BMI at delivery ≥ 30 kg/m2, chronic hypertension, PCO, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, previous GDM history, previous PAH history, family history of DM and pregnancy complication of PAH were significantly increased in the postpartum T2DM group (Table 4).