STUB1 and acute myeloid leukemia: CHIP is associated with an increased risk of developing hematologic malignancies (estimated hazard ratio (HR) > 10), most commonly myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although the absolute risk for progression to hematologic malignancies is low (annual incidence: approximately 0.5–1% of CHIP carriers) and shows large inter-individual variability [6, 8–10].